Internet Protocol Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs) are common. But purists say much of what is being sold as an IP-VPN, isn’t really private at all. Each has strengths relative to the other: CPE-based solutions makes low-cost, secure remote access a reality. The advantages of network-based IPs are higher throughput and performance, the ability to support jittery applications-like ATM-like applications (e.g., Line-grade carrier carrier-integrated with one carrier)”]
Source: https://www.csoonline.com/article/2113045/vpns–two-models–many-choices.html