In security intelligence, it is sometimes difficult to pinpoint IT security investments because they are embedded throughout organizations to enable business strategies, process improvements or implement new capabilities. Firms are unlikely to invest in IT security without some type of measured financial costs and benefits. Decision-makers must be able to quantify costs and the resulting value from IT security. An event study of 34 different U.S. e-banking service providers examined how IT security announcements negatively affected their stock prices. The study showed that IT security investment announcements did not positively affect their stock price.”]