When a software running on a Core requires memory it starts a so called load command. The L1 cache is split between a data and an instruction cache. The page tables are used to translate the virtual address into a physical address. This is essentially how paging is enabled on x64. Intel CPU’s are super scalar, pipelined CPUs and they use speculative execution and that plays a big role in why I thought it may be possible read kernel memory from an unprivileged user mode process.”]
Source: https://cyber.wtf/2017/07/28/negative-result-reading-kernel-memory-from-user-mode/