U.S. government funds have recently been used to support commercially-available smartphone encryption apps. The Open Technology Fund (OTF) was created in 2012 and supports privately built encryption and other apps to circumvent censorship and surveillance. Some experts have even tied encryption and darknet communications to deadly attacks like the one by ISIS in Paris last week. In July, FBI Director James Comey called for a public debate about the need for access to a criminal’s or terrorist’s device, subject to a judge’s warrant, to “protect the lives of people of all kinds””]