The report details DDoS attacks that are beginning to resemble advanced persistent threats, evidenced by long durations, repetition and changing attack vectors aimed at evading simple, signature-based defense systems. The longest attack seen during the research period was 64 days, with many other sustained attempts to bring down sites observed. With these tools costing as little as $19.99 per month, and available for online purchase using Bitcoin, the barrier to mounting attacks has dropped significantly. Short, single-vector attacks associated with botnet-for-hire services accounted for approximately 40 percent of all network layer attacks. Once targeted by an application layer attack, a website will likely be attacked more than five times.”]