TL;DR
Generally, hackers can’t easily see what you’re doing online through your wireless connection if you use strong security (WPA3). However, they *can* potentially intercept the signal and see that you are connected to the internet. Strong encryption is key. Older Wi-Fi standards like WEP or even WPA are very vulnerable.
Understanding the Risks
Your wireless connection sends data between your devices (phone, laptop) and your router. The router then connects you to your Internet Service Provider (ISP). The main risk is someone intercepting this signal. Here’s what they might be able to do:
- See that you’re connected: They can detect the presence of your Wi-Fi network and know you are using it.
- Potentially decrypt older connections: If you use WEP or WPA, cracking these is relatively easy with readily available tools.
- Man-in-the-Middle attacks: A hacker could try to position themselves between your device and the router, intercepting traffic (more difficult with modern security).
Your ISP can see all of your unencrypted internet activity. Using HTTPS websites protects this data.
Steps to Secure Your Wireless Connection
- Check Your Router’s Security Protocol: This is the most important step.
- Log in to your router’s settings page (usually by typing an address like 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1 into a web browser – check your router’s manual).
- Look for the Wireless Security section.
- WPA3 is best. If available, choose WPA3-Personal (also sometimes called WPA3-PSK).
- If WPA3 isn’t an option, use WPA2-AES. Avoid TKIP – it’s outdated and insecure.
- Never use WEP! It is easily cracked.
- Strong Password: Use a long, complex password for your Wi-Fi network.
- At least 12 characters.
- Mix uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Avoid personal information (birthdays, names).
- Change the Default Router Password: Hackers know common default passwords.
- Find this setting in your router’s administration section.
- Create a unique, strong password.
- Enable Your Firewall: Most routers have a built-in firewall – make sure it’s enabled.
- Look for the Firewall or Security settings in your router’s interface.
- Ensure it is turned on and configured to block unwanted access.
- Keep Router Firmware Updated: Updates often include security patches.
- Check your router manufacturer’s website for updates.
- Some routers update automatically – check the settings.
- Hide Your Network Name (SSID): This makes it slightly harder to find, but isn’t a strong security measure.
- In your router’s wireless settings, disable SSID broadcasting.
- You will need to manually enter the network name on each device.
- MAC Address Filtering (Advanced): This allows only specific devices to connect.
- Find the MAC address of your devices (usually in their Wi-Fi settings).
- Add these addresses to a whitelist in your router’s settings.
- This can be inconvenient if you frequently add new devices.
Checking Your Connection Security
You can use online tools to check the security of your Wi-Fi network, but these are not always accurate.
- Wi-Fi Analyzer Apps: These apps (available for smartphones and computers) show you nearby networks and their security protocols.
HTTPS & VPNs
Even with a secure Wi-Fi network, your ISP can still see the websites you visit if they aren’t encrypted.
- HTTPS: Always use websites that start with
https://. This encrypts the data between your browser and the website. - VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN creates an encrypted tunnel for all of your internet traffic, protecting it from your ISP and potential hackers on public Wi-Fi networks.