Memory safety is the state of being protected from various software bugs and security vulnerabilities when dealing with memory access. Out-of-bound reads can reveal sensitive data or help attackers bypass address space layout randomization. A null pointer dereference will often cause an exception or program termination in most environments, but can cause corruption in operating system kernels or systems without memory protection, or when use of the null pointer involves a large or negative offset. Memory leak when memory usage is not tracked or tracked incorrectly.”]
Source: https://arunrajeevan.medium.com/what-is-memory-safety-in-programming-1e5300fe6c48