Domain Name Resolution is the task of converting domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. This is all done behind the scenes and is rarely noticed by the user. When you enter a domain name in an application that uses the Internet, the application will issue a command to have the operating system convert the domain name into its IP address, and then connect to that IP address to perform whatever it is trying to do. On almost all operating systems the default order for domain name resolution is as follows: DnsPriority, Netbios Mappings and Local Computer Name Mappings.
Source: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/what-is-domain-name-resolution/