A security researcher demonstrated how to crack Android’s full-disk encryption (FDE) with brute-force attacks. The fix is not necessarily as simple as installing new firmware and might require changes to hardware. Android uses a randomly chosen 128-bit device encryption key that is further encrypted using a users PIN, password or swipe pattern. The master key, or Device Encryption Key (DEK), is stored on a user’s device and is bound to the device’s hardware.”]