Security Basics: Better Than None

TL;DR

Having some security is almost always better than having none at all. This guide shows you simple, practical steps to improve your cyber security even if you’re starting from scratch. We’ll cover passwords, updates, firewalls, and basic protection against common threats.

1. Passwords: The First Line of Defence

1. Use Strong, Unique Passwords: Avoid using the same password for multiple accounts. A strong password is long (at least 12 characters), includes a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
2. Password Managers: Consider using a password manager like Bitwarden or LastPass to generate and store your passwords securely. They make life much easier!
3. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Enable 2FA wherever possible. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring a code from your phone or an authenticator app in addition to your password.

2. Keep Your Software Updated

Software updates often include critical security patches that fix vulnerabilities attackers can exploit.

1. Operating System Updates: Regularly update your operating system (Windows, macOS, Linux). Enable automatic updates if possible.
   • Windows: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update.
   • macOS: Go to System Preferences > Software Update.
2. Application Updates: Keep your web browsers, office suites, and other applications up-to-date. Most apps have a built-in update checker.

   # Example - checking for updates on Debian/Ubuntu Linux (command line)

   sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

3. Firewalls: Blocking Unwanted Access

A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer and the internet, blocking unauthorized access.

1. Enable Your Firewall: Most operating systems have built-in firewalls that are enabled by default.
   • Windows: Windows Defender Firewall is usually active. Check in Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Defender Firewall.
   • macOS: macOS has a firewall under System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Firewall.
2. Router Firewall: Your router also has a firewall. Make sure it’s enabled and configured correctly (usually the default settings are sufficient for home users).

4. Basic Threat Protection

1. Antivirus Software: Install reputable antivirus software like Windows Defender (built-in to Windows) or a third-party solution. Run regular scans.
   • Ensure your antivirus definitions are up-to-date.
2. Be Careful with Emails and Links: Don’t click on suspicious links or open attachments from unknown senders. Phishing emails are a common way for attackers to steal your information.
   • Hover over links before clicking to see where they lead.
3. Backups: Regularly back up your important files. This protects you against data loss from ransomware, hardware failure, or other disasters.
   • Consider using cloud backup services or an external hard drive.

5. Basic Cyber security Awareness

Understanding common threats is crucial.

1. Phishing: Learn to identify phishing emails (poor grammar, urgent requests, suspicious links).
2. Malware: Be cautious about downloading software from untrusted sources.
3. Social Engineering: Don’t share personal information with anyone you don’t trust.