Router Attacks Without WiFi Connection

TL;DR

Yes, a router can be attacked without being connected to its WiFi network. This is usually done through vulnerabilities in the router’s web interface, exposed services (like UPnP), or attacks targeting the network infrastructure itself. Protecting your router involves keeping firmware updated, using strong passwords, disabling unnecessary features, and employing basic cyber security practices.

How Routers Can Be Attacked Without WiFi

1. Web Interface Vulnerabilities: Most routers have a web interface for configuration. If this interface has security flaws (bugs), attackers can exploit them remotely.
   • Brute-Force Attacks: Attackers try many username/password combinations to gain access.
   • SQL Injection: If the router uses a database, attackers might inject malicious code into login forms.
   • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Attackers insert harmful scripts into web pages viewed by administrators.
2. Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Exploits: UPnP automatically opens ports on your router for devices to communicate. This can be abused.
   • Attackers can send commands through UPnP to open ports, redirect traffic, or even install malware.
   • Disable UPnP if you don’t need it.
3. Remote Code Execution (RCE): Some vulnerabilities allow attackers to directly execute code on the router.
   • This is often a critical security risk, giving the attacker full control of your network.
4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Attackers intercept communication between devices and the router.
   • They can steal data or modify traffic.
   • This is harder to do without being on the network, but possible with techniques like ARP poisoning.
5. DNS Poisoning/Cache Attacks: Attackers manipulate DNS servers to redirect users to malicious websites.
   • While not directly attacking the router, it impacts devices using the router’s DNS settings.

How to Protect Your Router

1. Keep Firmware Updated: Manufacturers release updates to fix security flaws.
   • Check your router’s admin interface for update options.
   • Enable automatic updates if available.
2. Use a Strong Password: Change the default username and password immediately.
   • Use a long, complex password with letters, numbers, and symbols.
3. Disable Unnecessary Features: Turn off UPnP, remote management, and any other features you don’t need.
4. Enable Firewall: Most routers have a built-in firewall; make sure it’s enabled.
5. Use WPA3 Encryption: If your router supports it, use WPA3 for WiFi security (this doesn’t prevent attacks *on* the router itself, but secures devices connected to it).
6. Enable MAC Address Filtering (with caution): Only allow known devices to connect. This can be bypassed by attackers.
7. Regularly Review Connected Devices: Check your router’s admin interface for a list of connected devices and remove any you don’t recognize.
8. Consider a Cyber security focused Router: Some routers are designed with better security features.

Checking Your Router’s Security

You can use online tools to scan your router for known vulnerabilities, but these aren’t always accurate.

nmap -A 

(Replace <router_ip_address> with the actual IP address of your router. This requires some technical knowledge.)