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New Computer Setup: Security & Best Practices

G5 Cyber Security

TL;DR

This guide covers essential steps to secure and set up a new computer for safe everyday use. It includes updating the operating system, installing security software, creating strong passwords, enabling firewalls, and backing up your data.

1. Initial Setup & Operating System Updates

  1. Power On & Connect: Turn on your new computer and connect it to the internet (Wi-Fi or Ethernet).
  2. Initial Configuration: Follow the on-screen prompts to set up your user account, language preferences, and region.
  3. Windows Update / macOS Software Update: Immediately check for and install all available operating system updates.
    • Windows: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update > Check for Updates.
    • macOS: Click the Apple menu > System Preferences > Software Update.

2. Install Antivirus/Anti-Malware Software

  1. Choose a Reputable Provider: Select a well-known antivirus or anti-malware program (e.g., Bitdefender, Norton, McAfee, Malwarebytes). Free options are available but often have limited features.
  2. Download & Install: Download the software from the provider’s official website and follow the installation instructions.
  3. Run a Full Scan: After installation, perform a full system scan to detect any potential threats. 
    Example command (Malwarebytes): mbam --scan-type 1
  4. Enable Real-Time Protection: Ensure real-time protection is enabled to continuously monitor your computer for malware.

3. Create Strong Passwords & Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

  1. Unique Passwords: Use strong, unique passwords for all your online accounts and your computer login.
    • Minimum 12 characters
    • Mix of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
    • Avoid using personal information (birthdays, names).
  2. Password Manager: Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate strong passwords (e.g., LastPass, 1Password, Bitwarden).
  3. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enable MFA whenever possible for added security. This requires a second form of verification (e.g., code from your phone) in addition to your password.
    • Check account settings for options like SMS codes, authenticator apps (Google Authenticator, Authy), or security keys.

4. Enable the Firewall

  1. Windows Firewall: Windows Firewall is usually enabled by default, but verify it’s active.
    • Go to Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Defender Firewall > Turn Windows Firewall on or off.
  2. macOS Firewall: Enable the built-in firewall in macOS settings.
    • Click the Apple menu > System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Firewall.

5. Back Up Your Data Regularly

  1. Choose a Backup Method: Select a backup solution that suits your needs.
    • External Hard Drive: Copy important files to an external hard drive.
    • Cloud Storage: Use cloud storage services (e.g., Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox) for automatic backups.
    • Backup Software: Utilize dedicated backup software for more advanced options.
  2. Schedule Regular Backups: Set up a schedule to back up your data automatically (e.g., daily, weekly).

6. Keep Software Updated

  1. Enable Automatic Updates: Enable automatic updates for all your software applications.
  2. Check Regularly: Periodically check for updates manually to ensure you have the latest security patches.

7. Be Careful with Downloads & Emails

  1. Download from Official Sources: Only download software from official websites or trusted app stores.
  2. Scan Attachments: Scan all email attachments before opening them, even if they appear to be from a known sender.
  3. Beware of Phishing: Be cautious of suspicious emails asking for personal information or requesting you to click on links.
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