Home Security Basics

TL;DR

This guide covers simple steps to improve your home security, from strong passwords and software updates to physical security checks and being aware of scams.

1. Passwords & Accounts

1. Strong Passwords: Use long (at least 12 characters), unique passwords for every account. A password manager is highly recommended.
   • Avoid using personal information like birthdays or pet names.
   • Mix uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
2. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Enable 2FA wherever possible. This adds an extra layer of security beyond just your password.
   • Common methods include codes sent to your phone or authenticator apps (like Google Authenticator or Authy).
3. Account Review: Regularly check your online accounts for suspicious activity.

2. Software Updates

Keeping your software up-to-date is crucial to patch security vulnerabilities.

1. Operating System (OS): Ensure Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and other OSes are updated.
   • Windows: Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update
   • macOS: System Preferences > Software Update
2. Apps: Regularly update your apps (web browsers, antivirus software, etc.). Most app stores have automatic update options.
3. Firmware: Don’t forget to update the firmware on routers and other smart devices.
   • Router updates are usually found in the router’s admin interface (check your router’s manual for instructions).

3. Physical Security

Protecting your home physically is just as important.

1. Doors & Windows: Ensure all doors and windows have strong locks.
   • Consider deadbolt locks for exterior doors.
   • Reinforce window frames if necessary.
2. Lighting: Install motion-sensor lights around your property, especially near entrances.
3. Visibility: Trim bushes and trees that could provide cover for intruders.
4. Alarm System (Optional): Consider a monitored alarm system for added security.

4. Network Security

Secure your home Wi-Fi network.

1. Router Password: Change the default password on your router to something strong and unique.
   • Access your router’s admin interface (usually through a web browser – check your router’s manual).
2. Wi-Fi Encryption: Use WPA3 encryption if your devices support it. Otherwise, use WPA2.
   • This is also configured in the router’s admin interface.
3. Network Name (SSID): Change the default network name (SSID) to something less obvious.

5. Be Aware of Scams

Scammers often target homeowners.

1. Phishing Emails: Be cautious of suspicious emails asking for personal information or clicking on links.
   • Never provide sensitive information in response to an unsolicited email.
2. Phone Scams: Hang up on robocalls and be wary of callers claiming to be from official organizations.
3. Door-to-Door Sales: Be cautious of unsolicited door-to-door salespersons. Verify their identity before letting them onto your property.

6. cyber security Basics

Protecting yourself from online threats.

1. Antivirus Software: Install and regularly update antivirus software on all devices.
2. Firewall: Ensure your firewall is enabled (most operating systems have built-in firewalls).
3. Be Careful What You Click: Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading attachments from unknown sources.