TL;DR
If you think someone is trying to hack you, or want to prevent it, change your passwords now. Turn on two-factor authentication everywhere possible. Be very careful about clicking links in emails and don’t download things from people you don’t trust.
1. Change Your Passwords
This is the most important thing. Hackers often get into accounts by using stolen passwords. Use strong, unique passwords for each account. A ‘strong’ password is at least 12 characters long and includes a mix of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Don’t reuse passwords: If one site gets hacked, all your accounts using that same password are at risk.
- Password Managers: Consider using a password manager (like LastPass, 1Password or Bitwarden) to create and store strong passwords for you. They can also auto-fill them on websites.
2. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
2FA adds an extra layer of security. Even if a hacker gets your password, they’ll need a code from your phone or another device to log in.
- Where to enable it: Enable 2FA on important accounts like email (Gmail, Outlook), banking, social media (Facebook, Twitter), and any other account with sensitive information.
- Authentication Methods: Use an authenticator app (like Google Authenticator or Authy) instead of SMS-based 2FA if possible – SMS is less secure.
3. Be Careful With Emails & Links
Hackers often use phishing emails to trick you into giving them your password or installing malware.
- Suspicious Emails: Be wary of emails asking for personal information, even if they look legitimate. Check the sender’s email address carefully – is it really from who it claims to be?
- Links: Don’t click on links in suspicious emails or messages. Hover over the link (without clicking) to see where it actually goes. If it looks strange, don’t click it.
4. Keep Your Software Updated
Software updates often include security fixes that protect you from known vulnerabilities.
- Operating System: Keep your computer’s operating system (Windows, macOS) updated.
- Web Browsers: Update your web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari).
- Apps: Update all your apps regularly. Most devices have automatic update settings – turn them on!
5. Be Careful What You Download
Only download software from trusted sources.
- Official Websites: Get software directly from the official website of the developer.
- App Stores: Use official app stores (Google Play Store, Apple App Store).
- Avoid Pirated Software: Pirated software often contains malware.
6. Basic cyber security Checks
Run a scan with reputable anti-virus/anti-malware software.
- Windows Defender: Windows has built in protection, make sure it is enabled and up to date.
- Malwarebytes: A free version of Malwarebytes can help find and remove malware.
7. Public Wi-Fi Safety
Public Wi-Fi networks are often unsecured.
- Avoid Sensitive Transactions: Don’t do online banking or shopping on public Wi-Fi.
- Use a VPN: Consider using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to encrypt your internet connection when using public Wi-Fi.