Apps on Android have been able to infer the presence of specific apps, or even collect the full list of installed apps on the device. The information can be abused by a potentially harmful app to fingerprint other installed apps, check for antivirus, affiliate fraud, and even for targeted ads. Google has introduced new permission called “QUERY_ALL_PACKAGE” for apps that need access to the list of other apps. Google said it treats the inventory of installed app data as personal and sensitive user data.
Source: https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/google-limits-which-apps-can-access.html