The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued on July 20, 2021, an alert (AA-22-2021A) addressing the successful Chinese intrusion of the United States oil and natural gas pipeline companies from 2011 to 2013. CISA, together with the FBI, is unambiguous in the determination and attribution of these attacks to Chinese state-sponsored actors. The attacks were tied to a successful spear-phishing campaign that started in December 2011 and continued until February 2012. The attackers did, however, garner access to dial-up access, which remains a mainstay within the energy sectors industrial control systems (ICS)”]