Mobile Station Modem (MSM) is an ongoing series of a 2G/3G/4G/5G-capable system on chips (SoC) designed by Qualcomm starting in the early 1990s. Android also has an ability to communicate with the modem processor through the Qualcomm MSM Interface (QMI) QMI is managed by the Qualcomm real-time OS (QuRT) that cannot be debugged or dumped even on rooted Android devices. There is only one possible way to dynamically probe the modem, namely to use a vulnerability.”]
Source: https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/security-probe-of-qualcomm-msm/