Webpage Links: Virus Risk?

TL;DR

Generally, simply clicking a link on a webpage won’t directly give you a virus. However, links can lead to dangerous websites that try to install malware or steal your information. It’s about where the link takes you, not the link itself.

How Links Can Be Harmful

1. Malicious Websites: The biggest risk is being directed to a website designed to harm your computer. These sites might:
   • Try to install viruses, spyware, or other malware.
   • Look like legitimate websites (phishing) and ask for your username, password, bank details, etc.
   • Exploit vulnerabilities in your browser or plugins.
2. Drive-by Downloads: Some malicious sites automatically try to download files onto your computer without you explicitly clicking anything. Modern browsers are better at preventing this, but it’s still a risk.
3. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): A less common threat where a website injects harmful code into another trusted site. This is usually the fault of the website being exploited, not the link itself.

How to Stay Safe

1. Hover Before You Click: Before clicking any link, hover your mouse over it (without clicking!). Your browser will show you the actual URL at the bottom of the window or in a pop-up. Check if it looks legitimate and matches where you expect to go.

   Example: A link that says "Google" but points to "badsite.com/google" is suspicious.

2. Be Wary of Shortened URLs: Links shortened with services like bit.ly hide the true destination. Use a URL expander service (see Resources below) before clicking.

   Example URL Expander: https://unshorten.it/

3. Keep Your Software Updated: Regularly update your operating system, web browser, and plugins (like Adobe Flash – if you still use it!). Updates often include security fixes.
   • Windows Update: Search for “Windows Update” in the Start menu.
   • macOS System Preferences: Go to System Preferences > Software Update.
   • Browser Updates: Most browsers update automatically, but you can check manually in the settings (usually under “About”).
4. Use a Good Antivirus Program: A reputable antivirus program can detect and block malicious websites and downloads.
5. Be Careful with Email Links: Be extra cautious about links in emails, especially from unknown senders. Phishing attacks often use email to trick you into clicking dangerous links.
6. Check Website Security (HTTPS): Look for “https://” at the beginning of the website address and a padlock icon in your browser’s address bar. This indicates that the connection is encrypted, making it harder for attackers to intercept your data. However, HTTPS doesn’t guarantee a site isn’t malicious – it just means the connection is secure.

What if You Clicked a Suspicious Link?

1. Disconnect from the Internet: This can prevent further damage or data theft.
2. Run an Antivirus Scan: Perform a full system scan with your antivirus program.
3. Change Your Passwords: If you entered any personal information on the website, change your passwords immediately, especially for important accounts like email and banking.
4. Monitor Your Accounts: Keep an eye on your bank statements and credit reports for any unauthorized activity.

Resources

• URL Expander: https://unshorten.it/
• VirusTotal (scan websites): https://www.virustotal.com/