Headphones & Malware: Are You at Risk?

TL;DR

While rare, headphones can transmit malware, but it’s usually not the headphones themselves. The risk comes from how they connect (Bluetooth or USB) and software vulnerabilities on your devices. Keeping your software updated and being careful about what you download are the best protections.

How Headphones Could Get Malware

1. USB Connection: If you plug a headphone into a compromised computer, it could potentially transfer malware to the headphones’ internal storage (if they have any) or even attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in your computer’s USB drivers. This is similar to how infected USB sticks spread viruses.
2. Bluetooth Connection: Bluetooth is more complex. Malware on your phone, tablet, or computer could use a compromised Bluetooth connection to send malicious code to the headphones. However, this requires you already have malware on your main device.
   • BlueBorne (Old Vulnerability): A past vulnerability called BlueBorne affected many Bluetooth devices. While most devices are patched now, it showed how attackers could exploit Bluetooth for remote control and data theft.
   • Bluetooth Spoofing: An attacker might pretend to be your headphones to trick your device into connecting to a malicious source.
3. Compromised Firmware: Some high-end headphones have firmware that can be updated. If an attacker compromises the update server or finds a way to inject malicious code into the firmware, they could control your headphones.

Steps to Protect Yourself

1. Keep Your Devices Updated: This is the most important step! Software updates often include security patches that fix vulnerabilities. Update your phone, tablet, computer, and even your headphone firmware (if possible).
   • Windows: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and check for updates.

     Check for Updates

   • macOS: Go to System Preferences > Software Update.
   • Android: Go to Settings > System > System update.
   • iOS/iPadOS: Go to Settings > General > Software Update.
2. Be Careful What You Download: Only download apps and software from trusted sources (like the official app stores – Google Play Store, Apple App Store). Avoid sideloading apps or downloading files from unknown websites.
3. Use Antivirus/Anti-Malware Software: A good antivirus program can detect and remove malware on your devices before it causes harm. Regularly scan your phone, tablet, and computer.
4. Bluetooth Security:
   • Keep Bluetooth Off When Not in Use: This reduces the attack surface.
   • Pair Devices Carefully: Only pair with devices you trust.
   • Be Wary of Unknown Device Requests: If your device asks to pair with a device you don’t recognize, say no!
5. USB Caution: Be careful when connecting headphones (or any USB device) to public or untrusted computers.
6. Firmware Updates (If Applicable): If your headphones offer firmware updates, install them promptly from the manufacturer’s official website or app. Do not download firmware from unofficial sources.

What if You Think Your Headphones Are Infected?

1. Disconnect Immediately: Disconnect the headphones from your devices.
2. Scan Your Devices: Run a full scan with your antivirus/anti-malware software on all connected devices.
3. Factory Reset (Last Resort): If you suspect the headphones themselves are infected and have internal storage, a factory reset might be necessary (check the manufacturer’s instructions). Be aware this will erase any data stored on the headphones.