Hedy Lamarr invented frequency hopping with composer friend George Antheil in the 1930s and 40s. She helped solve the riddle of the Rosetta Stone and deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle solved the centuries-old problem of how to securely transmit a private encryption key from one location to another, without both parties needing to know a secret at the outset. Public/private key crypto underlies almost every digital encryption and signature technology used across the internet. Joan Clarke was a key figure in helping to decipher the German code in World War II.”]
Source: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3102876/profiles-in-cryptographic-courage.html