Software defined networking (SDN) moves networking from hardware to the software plane, under management of a software controller. Benefits include automating and easing network administration duties and improving application performance. As a new technology, SDN is subject to vulnerabilities but with SDN, the industry knows certain vulnerabilities are native to the approach. SDN can be installed on COTS hardware on top of an OS such as Windows or Linux, saving implementation and other costs. An APT only needs to compromise that controller to affect and potentially gain control over the entire network.”]