Most federal agencies required to start issuing standard ID cards that could be used for both physical and logical access to government facilities. The idea behind the order, known as Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12), is to create a highly secure, standard ID card that is recognized and trusted across the government. The General Services Administration was still working on its test tool for determining whether a given smart card was interoperable with other components, says Michael Butler, chairman of the Federal Smart Card Board and the Department of Defenses access card office director.”]
Source: https://www.csoonline.com/article/2121691/hspd-12–slow-out-of-the-gate.html