President Bush signs Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD 12), mandating a secure, common ID method for federal employees and contractors. The Secretary of Commerce approves Federal Information Processing Standard 201 (FIPS 201), which lays out the technical aspects of how HSPD will be implemented. The first nine products, from five vendors, have been approved as FIPS 201 compliant. The Government Accountability Office reports that there are still no products available that have been confirmed FIPS 200compliant.”]